The overarching effects of economic and food poverty

Kristóf Molnár
Author

This article covers:

  • How food poverty extends beyond hunger to health, nutrition, and well-being

  • Why food insecurity exists even in economically strong regions

  • How economic and food poverty reinforce each other across generations

During October 2025 we participated in a three-day workshop near Bologna, in the Unione Reno Galliera region, as part of the CLYMACT project. The experience encouraged us to look beyond simplified definitions and reflect more deeply on how economic and food poverty shape everyday realities—often in ways that remain invisible.

Rethinking food poverty beyond hunger

In perception, food poverty is often reduced to hunger, but it goes much further than that. It is also about the lack of access to good quality and nutritious food, the fundamental of a healthy life. When financial resources are limited, people are often pushed toward cheaper, lower quality and highly processed alternatives that lack the necessary nutrients a human needs. Over time, this affects physical health, energy level, and mental well-being as well.

Hidden poverty in prosperous regions

One of the most striking realizations was how present these issues are even in regions known for prosperity and strong food culture. Northern Italy, and the area around Bologna in particular, is often associated with abundance. Yet food insecurity exists here too, often quietly. Elderly people, families, immigrants and even workers are affected. Poverty does not always look dramatic—it often remains hidden behind closed doors.

The self-reinforcing cycle of economic and food poverty

Economic and food poverty rarely exist in isolation. Instead, they create a downward spiral that reinforces itself. Limited access to nutritious food leads to health problems, which can increase living expenses and reduce the ability to work or study, which further reduces the necessary access to nutritious food and then the dominos are going on. This, in turn, deepens economic insecurity. Children growing up in food-insecure households may struggle to concentrate at school, affecting their educational outcomes and future opportunities. Social exclusion follows, as people withdraw from shared meals, community life, and public spaces due to financial pressure or shame. 

This cycle shows how poverty regenerates itself across generations and social contexts. What begins as economic hardship quickly becomes a complex web of health, educational, and social inequalities. Breaking this cycle requires more than emergency support—it requires systemic thinking, long-term policies, and community-based solutions.

The recent event of the CLYMACT project reminded us that economic and food poverty are not marginal issues. They affect the resilience of entire communities. Understanding their wider consequences is a crucial step toward building more fair systems—where access to healthy food is not a privilege, but a basic condition for participation, well-being, and social justice

For more about our Clymact Project

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Photo credits:

Cover banner image: New York Times

Second image: The Guardian

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